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ESE Doctoral Dissertation Defense: “IMU-Based State Estimation and Control of Quadrotors Leveraging Aerodynamic Effects”

October 28, 2019 at 11:00 AM - 12:30 PM

Abstract: Quadrotors and multirotors in general are common in many inspection and surveillance applications. For these applications, visual-inertial odometry is a common way to localize the vehicles and observe the environment. However, unlike with wheeled mobile robots, quadrotor localization algorithms often do not use knowledge of the control inputs and the full vehicle dynamics as a process model for localization. Rather, they use kinematic models, with the IMU providing acceleration and angular velocity. One of the reasons for avoiding the use of dynamics is that, until recently quadrotor aerodynamic effects have not been considered in the literature and hence the dynamic models for quadrotors have been less accurate than those for wheeled mobile robots. The main aerodynamic terms that are significant are first-order effects that are linear in velocity and angular velocity. They are predominantly caused by aerodynamic interaction with the spinning propellers. This work investigates the models for such effects, as well as what can be gained if such aerodynamic effects are incorporated into the dynamic model and the full dynamics are used for state estimation. We develop novel IMU-based filters, the end results of which are used to estimate the wind velocity of the quadrotor or, indoors, when the ambient wind is zero, the velocity of the quadrotor. In addition, these filters estimate the many aerodynamic parameters in the model online. They may also be used to estimate sensor biases and inertial parameters. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these filters through experiments. We also present nonlinear observability analyses that theoretically determine the observability properties of the systems.

Committee Members:
Vijay Kumar, Nemirovsky Family Dean of Engineering
Ani Hsieh, Research Associate Professor, MEAM
Kostas Daniliidis, Ruth Yalom Stone Professor, CIS
Camillo J. Taylor, Professor, CIS
Giuseppe Loianno, Associate Professor, NYU ECE

James Svacha

ESE Doctoral Candidate

James Svacha is a 6th year ESE Ph.D. candidate advised by Vijay Kumar. He does research in state estimation and control for quadrotor vehicles. He completed his undergraduate studies in Mechanical Engineering at Clemson University in 2014. He plans to work at Near Earth Autonomy to develop state estimation algorithms for autonomous aerial vehicles after graduation.

Venue

Room 307, Levine Hall
3330 Walnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104 United States
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